The phenomenon of brain drain, particularly among healthcare professionals, has long been a concern for Nigeria’s healthcare system. However, the recent surge in emigration of Nigerian healthcare workers to developed countries, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, has raised alarming questions about its impact on nationwide coverage and social equity in the effective implementation of the National Health Act 2014. This policy brief delves into the reasons behind the mass emigration of healthcare workers, identifying push factors such as inadequate provision of equipment, low hazard allowances and growing insecurity. In contrast, pull factors enticing Nigerian healthcare professionals abroad include higher salaries and safer working environments. Addressing these factors is crucial in mitigating brain drain and strengthening national health systems and services in Nigeria.